天津北大港湿地自然保护区蛾类的多样性

The diversity of the moth community in the north dagang wetland nature reserve, Tianjin

湿地是一种特殊的土地资源和生态环境,具有调节水分循环、维持湿地特有动植物(尤其是作为水禽栖息地)等基本生态功能。天津北大港湿地自然保护区位于天津市东南部,是目前天津市最大的湿地自然保护区。湿地资源丰富,是亚太地区鸟类迁徙路线的一个重要环节,也是白枕鹤、丹顶鹤等濒危鸟类迁徙过程中的一个重要的停歇地。为了研究清楚北大港自然保护区灯下蛾类的种类及其动态规律,筛选出能反映湿地状况和动态的指示性昆虫,为湿地的研究和保护利用服务,于2001年6月12日到10月14日和2002年4月12日到10月30日采用灯诱法系统调查研究了天津北大港湿地自然保护区的蛾类,以微软系统的Excel列表、作图,进行蛾类群落的种多度曲线作图及群落多样性(H′)、均匀度(J′)、物种丰富度(S)和个体数(N)的时间和空间分布。并利用蛾类群落的种多度曲线、多样性指数、均匀度与多样性指数的关系等对其作了分析。结果表明,北大港湿地蛾类已知17科105属132种,以夜蛾科和草螟科的种类为多。蛾类群落种多度关系符合生态位优先占领模型。多样性指数与均匀度不相一致(r=0.21),而与物种丰富度一致(r=0.90)。这是由于北大港湿地蛾类种多度关系表现为生态位优先占领假说的缘故。研究认为北大港湿地自然保护区的蛾类种类较少,群落不稳定,即北大港湿地蛾类赖以生存的生态环境不稳定。有待于进一步保护和改善。

Wetland is a sort of special soil resources and ecosystem, the basic function of which is to adjust the water circle and maintain the habitats for special animals and plants. Wetland is also a special and effective ecosystem between water and land, in which insects play a very important role. But is not deeply and not be utilized amply. North Dagang wetland nature reserve is situated in the southeast of Tianjin （38°36′～ 38°57′N, 117°11′～117°37′E）. It is the biggest wetland nature reserve in Tianjin. The relative altitude is 2 ～ 6 m. And has more important wetlands, which are indispensable areas of the flyway for the Asia-Pacific migratory birds as well as a temporary habitat for the migrating birds in severe danger, such as Grus vipio and G. japonensis. In order to identify the moth species and study their dynamic laws, select the indicator insects to indicate the wetland quality, provide service for studying and protecting the wetlands. An investigation on the diversity of moths＇ community was can-ied out from June 12 to October 14 in 2001 and from April 12 to October 30 in 2002. A total of 132 moth species belonging to 105 genera in 17 families were collected. Noctuidae is the major family in quantity. Crambidae, Pyralidae, Geometridae and Tortricidae are also abundant year around. Data of insects collected during the survey were listed and constructed on the species-abundance, the indices of diversity （H′）, evenness （J′）, specific richness （S） and individual number （N） according to the Excel. And the status of the wetland has been analyzed by using the curve of the moth community species-abundance, the indices of diversity, the connection of the evenness and the indices of diversity etc. The results show that the curve of the moth species-abundance was in accordance with the niche-preemtion hypothesis. And no significant correlation was found between indices of diversity and evenness （ r = 0.21） but indices of diversity and richness was significantly correlated （ r = 0.90）. The reason for this is that the speciesabundance curve was in accordance with the niche-preemtion hypothesis which shows the moth species in North Dagang wetland reserve was not rich, and the moth community of the wetland was unstable. In other words, the entironment that the moth depend on was unstable. This suggests that the environmental quality of the North Dagang wetland is unstable. It due to the serious degeneration of the wetland environment and the interference of human activities.