嗟嗟涂上士,何用自保持?——阮籍《乐论》评析

Comment on Ruan Ji' s Yue Lun

阮籍《乐论》,向来研究者多以为是“自然”和“名教”的调和。本文结合阮籍生平、特别是阮籍的《咏怀诗》分析认为,《乐论》中归属于“自然”和“名教”两类不同性质的文字是不能调和、且互相矛盾着;它们同时出现在《乐论》中,是当时社会“自然”向“名教”妥协的结果。以学术来衡量,《乐论》并无新见。《乐论》的产生,有阮籍个人思想性格的特点,更有魏、晋朝政改换的社会特点。

The two opposite types of words in Yue Lun (On Music) like 'human nature 'and 'ethical code' (ming -jiao) tend to contradict each other, but they both come into Yue Lun as a result of a social compromise between the two words.