我国考选历史的回顾与反思——兼谈我国重点高校录取名额投放问题

Review and Reflection on the History of Enrolment by Examination in China

在两千多年考选历史上,统治者历来重视考选制度,并将其视为选拔人才的主要途径。为实现考选的区域公平,主要依据各地的总人口数、参加考试人数以及各省文教发达程度等因素来确定录取名额投放数。反思考选历史,有助于明确重点高校录取名额合理投放的基本思路,即新的名额投放可以参考四项指标:一是该省区市的总人口数,二是该省(区、市)的总考生数,三是该省拥有的“985工程”高校数,四是上年在该省区市投放或实际录取数。

In the history of more than 2000 years of enrolment by examination, the ruling class attached great importance to the enrolment system by examination which was regarded as an important method to select the talents. It was mainly due to the factors of the local population, the number of the examinees and the development level of the provincial culture and education to determine the distribution of the enrolment figure so as to realize the regional examination enrolment equity, It is beneficial to review the history of enrolment by examination to clarify the basic train of thought for the reasonable distribution of key universities＇ planned enrolment figure. Four norms for the new distribution of the enrolment figure can be considered as reference which are the total population of the province or city, the total number of the examinees in the province or city, the number of the universities with ＂985 projects＂ in the province and the actual distributed or enrolled figure in the province or city in the previous year.