独立担保项下担保人的抗辩权初探

A Study on the Rights of Defenses of Guarantors in Independent Guarantee Transactions

独立担保是一种新兴的国际融资担保形式,它具有独立性、单据性、付款责任的第一性等特点。这些特点使独立担保人面临着很大的风险,其中最严重的就是欺诈索赔的风险。在独立担保中,担保人的权利是有限的,包括审查权、抵销权、追偿权和抗辩权。为了减少风险,保护担保人的合法利益,最有效的方式就是合法而正确地行使抗辩权。担保人行使抗辩权的法律依据包括:担保书、国内法、国际公约和国际惯例。据此,担保人的抗辩权可以分为两大类共八种。重视担保人的权利尤其是抗辩权的研究,才能解除独立担保制度上的缺陷给担保人带来的巨大风险,使独立担保制度顺利推进。

As an emerging and modem form of international financing suretyship, independent guarantee is independent, documentary, irrevocable and of certainty. But it is exactly these traits that confront independent guarantors with immense risks, especially the risk of some beneficiaries to make fraudulent claims to independent guarantee. In order to reduce their risks and protect their benefits, the most effective way for independent guarantors is to exercise rights of defenses correctly and lawfully. The legal basis include the guarantee contract, domestic law, international convention and international rules and practices. Accordingly, the rights of defenses of guarantors may be classified into two categories and eight types. The study on guarantors rights, especially the rights of their defenses should be given prime conoern so as to reduce the risks of the guarantors caused by the inherent defects of independent guarantee, and develop the system of independent guarantee smoothly.