珠芽蓼营养及繁殖器官的形态结构研究

A PRELIMINARY MORPHOLOGICAL AND ANATOMICAL INVESTIGATION IN THE VEGETATIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS OF POLYGONUM VIVIPARUM

作者对珠芽事营养及繁殖器官的形态结构进行了较为系统的观察研究。发现珠芽蓼的营养器官具有一般双子叶植物的特征。花序有三种类型：一种全部生有珠芽；第二种是顶端生有花；中下端生有珠芽；第三种全生珠芽但在中上部的珠芽之间散生有少数的花。珠芽蓼的花有花梗长短有别、胚翼发育程度不同的两种类型。两种花的结构相同，花被５深裂，心皮和技头３或４，心皮基部合生为一室子房，内有基底式着生的胚珠．属典型的蓼型。这些特征可以作为分类学上鉴别该物种的性状，也可以作为研究蓼属植物种间亲缘关系和系统演化的依据。还发现胚囊可发育成熟并受精，受精卵能发育成原胚；成熟的花药中有发育良好的花粉，证明珠芽蓼有有性生殖过程。珠芽分上下两部分，上部是３—４枚分化完全的幼叶及托叶鞘，基部膨大含有大量的储藏物质，证明珠芽是一个营养繁殖器官。作者认为珠芽的发育形成与短花的异常发育有关。

he morphology and anatomy of the vegetative and reproductive orgshe of polygonumviviparum were preliminariely investigated, The anatomical characteristics Of its vegetative organs are the same as thOSe of general dicotyls. There are three kinds of spikes on the plant. Ofthose spikes, some only have bubils, some have both bulbils on their lOwer part and flowers ontheir upper part, and the others have buibils on whole spike axes and flowers SCattering￣thebulbils on middle-upper part of the axes. There are two irces Of flowers, some with longer Pedicel and some with shorter excel.The embryo sac in longer-Pedicel flowers are well developedwith a developing embed inside but one in shorter-pedicel flowers are still at the early stabs ofdevelopment. But the architecture of these two kinds of flowers are the same, such as 3 or 4 stylesand 3 or 4-cabal syncarpous gynbecitnn, Perianth dividing deep into 5,and one-cell ovaria withbasilar orthotropouS ovule belonging to typical POlygonum type etc. TheSe characters are of greatsignificance in plant phylogeny and taxaonomy. Besides, the POllen formation can be seen in futureanthers as well. The fully develOPed embryo sac, the zygote developing and the pollen formationsuggest that the sexual reproduction can proceed in POlygon urn viviporum. Meanwhile, the Observation showed that the bulbil consists of two halves, a colored, enlarged lower Part containingstored nutrient substances, and an upper part containing fully differentiated leaves and leafsheaths. It indicates that the bulbil is a vegetative orgsn. Finally, observations also showed thatsometimes there are two nowers being connected at the base of pedicel in a bract and sometimesthere are a bulbil and a longer-Pedical nowers being connected at the base in a bract. on the basisof this observation, we think that the development of bulbil of P. viviporum might bas relation tothe shorter pedicel flower.