警察院校学员实战训练损伤的流行病学调查

Epidemiological investigation of actual combat injury in students from police colleges

目的:调查警察院校实战训练中中度和重度损伤发生的背景信息和相关损伤康复状况,了解重度伤的发生规律。方法:于2005-05/06抽取中国人民公安大学和江西公安专科学校在警察实战训练过程中发生中度伤以上损伤的学员310人,采用运动损伤调查表对其损伤情况进行调查,调查的内容主要包括中度以上运动损伤的发生次数、发生时的临场信息、个体对运动损伤致伤因素的态度、运动损伤康复手段、康复效果和个体参与实战训练的相关信息。并针对重度伤的发生规律进行多因素分析。结果:310人进入结果分析。①损伤部位发生频率依次为:距小腿(踝)关节(13.83%)、四肢指穴趾雪(11.93%)、足部(11.04%)、腕关节(10.41%)、腰部(9.39%)、大腿(9.26%)、肩关节(8.76%)、颈部(8.63%)、肘关节(7.36%)、小腿(6.47%)和膝关节(2.92%)。②损伤类别依次为:扭伤(17.53%)、拉伤(17.05%)、挫伤(15.91%)、擦伤(12.99%)、劳损(10.06%)、骨折(8.77%)、撕裂伤(7.31%)、关节脱位(6.00%)和其他类(4.38%)。③重度伤产生原因分别为:准备活动不足、技术错误、自保不力、运动着装和场地因素、对抗性项目对方未按规则对抗、思想麻痹、疲劳、心理因素和气候温度条件。④回归分析发现:影响治疗效果的有效医疗手段为口服给药和中医疗法。⑤影响重度伤发生后的警体锻炼的因素:关注自己易伤部位的力量训练、运动损伤是否可有效预防的态度、年龄、伤后救护知识掌握情况和运动损伤知识的掌握情况等。结论:实战训练损伤的重点损伤部位为各科目运动中的距小腿关节和擒拿格斗中的肩关节、颈部、腰部、腕关节、肘关节;损伤类型以挫伤、擦伤、扭伤和拉伤为主;伤后应多进行口服给药和中医治疗;个人在思想上的重视与运动器械、场地条件影响学员损伤的发生和发生后的康复效果。提示警察院校学员实战训练损伤的防范教育至关重要。

AIM： To investigate background information of moderate and severe injury as well as rehabilitation of relative injury in actual combat training of police colleges for policeman, and know the episode law of severe injury. METHODS： Totally 310 students with above moderate injury injured in process of actual combat training of policeman at Chinese People＇s Public Security University and Jiangxi Public Security Training School from May to June 2005 were enrolled, Their injured status was investigated based on sports injury inventory, and the content of investigation included times of over moderate movement injury, information on the spot, attitude of individuals on causative factors of movement injury, rehabilitative maneuver of sports injury, rehabilitative efficacy, relative information of joining actual combat training of individuals, Multiple factor analysis was performed according to the episode,law of severe injury. RESULTS： Totally 310 persons were involved in the result analysis. ①Frequency of injured part in order： Ankle joint （13.83%）, digit of all extremities （11.93%）, foot （11.04%）, wrist joint （10.41%）, lumbar part （9.39%）, thigh （9.26%）, shoulder joint （8,76%）, cervical part （8.63%）, elbow joint （7.36%）, leg （6.47%） and knee joint （2.92%）. ②Category of injury in order, sprain （17.53%）, scuffing （17.05%）, bruise （15.91%）, abrased wound （12.99%）, scuffing （10.06%）, fracture （8.77%）, lacerated wound （7.31%）, dislocation of joint （6.00%） and others （4.38%）, ③Cause of severe injury, respectively： prepared underactivity, technical error, ineffective self-insurance, sports dressing, site factor, antagonistic event （the other side did not antagonize based on regulation）, numb thinking, fatigue, psychologic factor and climate temperature requirement. ④Regression analysis found that effective medical means that affected therapeutic efficacy were oral administration and traditional Chinese medical service law. ⑤Factors affecting police physical training after severe injury： Strength training of paying close attention to easily injured region of oneself, knowledge of attitude of whether sports injury could be effective prevented or not, age, postinjured rescue, information of sports injury and so on. CONCLUSION： Focal injured region in actual combat training are crurotalar articulation in various training as well as shoulder joint, cervical part, pars lumbalis, articulations carpi, cubital articulation in arrest and fistfight. Injured pattern is mainly bruise, abrased wound, sprain and scuffing. Both oral administration and traditional Chinese medical therapy should be used frequently after injury. Individual inner highly thought, injury affected by exerciser and site condition as well as post-injury rehabilitative effect indicates that preventive education is important for students with actual combat injury from police colleges.