运动与白细胞的变化

Exercise and change of leukocyte

目的:概述近几年运动与白细胞的相关研究,分析运动与免疫的关系。资料来源:应用计算机查阅http://www.jap.physiology.org/网站的1997-08/2005-11与运动和免疫的相关文献,输入英语“exercise熏immune”作为检索词。并手工查阅国内近年运动与免疫的相关中文纸质文献。资料选择:从检索到的文献中选择涉及运动与白细胞相关文献40多篇,其中以近5年发表的为主。所选文献大多数被Medline和/或ISI收录。资料提炼:所用文献主要涉及白细胞及其分类变化的13篇,与其功能变化有关的主要有15篇,研究其机制变化的主要有14篇。但各文献大多要涉及这3方面,只是重点不同。资料综合:安静时运动员外周血白细胞数量与非运动员无明显差异。急性运动增加外周血白细胞数量,尤其是粒细胞;长时间剧烈运动减少外周血白细胞,尤以淋巴细胞为甚,CD4+T细胞的比例下降,或CD4+/CD8+比值下调,并抑制其功能,但吞噬细胞功能可增强。单个淋巴细胞和自然杀伤细胞的活性并不因运动而发生变化。运动可引起淋巴细胞凋亡。运动应激抑制细胞免疫,但对体液免疫影响不明显,且可影响单个核细胞的基因表达。结论:运动可以上调或下调外周血白细胞的数量和功能,并影响其基因表达,这主要取决于运动负荷量,其机制主要与应激激素、细胞因子调节和白细胞各亚群比例变化有关。

OBJECTIVE： To summarize the relative study between exercise and leukocyte in recent years and analyze the relationship between exercise and immunity. DATA SOURCES： Using the computer we looked over the http：//jap. physiology.org/ Web for relative papers of exercise and immunity from August 1997 to November 2005 with the key words of ＂exercise, immune＂ in English, and read the relative Chinese paper of exercise and immunity in china in last few years by handiwork. STUDY SELECTION： More than forty papers about exercise and leucocytes were selected from the retrieved literatures, and papers published mainly in last 5 years were as the main subjects. Most of the selective papers were collected by Medline and/or ISI. DATA EXTRACTION： There were mainly 13 papers on change of leukocyte and its classification. Other 15 papers were related to mostly the functional change of leukocyte. Studying their mechanism had mainly 14 ones. A great number of papers included the content of this three aspect, only the stress was different. DATA SYNTHESIS： Number of peripheral blood leucocyte of athletes in quiet had insignificant difference with that of non-athletes. Acute exercise increased the number of peripheral blood leucocyte, especially granular leukocytes. Long-time violent exercise reduced the number of peripheral blood leucocyte, especially in leukomonocyte. Proportion of CD4^＋T cell reduced or the down regulation of CD4^＋/CD8^＋ ratio could inhibit the function＋ but the function of phagocytic cells increased. Activities of single leukomonocytes and national killer cells did not change caused by exercise. The exercise could induce the apeptosis. Exercise stress could inhibit the cell immunity, but did not affect humoral immunity obviously, and could affect genetic expression of mononuclear cells. CONCLUSION： The counts and function of the peripheral blood leukocyte can be caused up-regulation and down-regulation by exercise, and affect its gene expression, which depends sports loading dose. Their mechanism is related with the stress hormones, cytokines adjustment and change of ratio among subpepulations of leukocytes.