刘翔110m栏运动成绩的思考:训练方法与心理优势

Thoughts of Liu Xiang's achievement in 110-meter hurdle race: Training methods and psychological superiority

目的:整理2003-03/2005-09刘翔在110m栏大赛中所取得的成绩,并与世界名将的成绩进行比较,分析各自的跨栏动作特征,从而探讨符合运动员自身特点的训练方法和心理优势,指出110m栏训练的新趋势。方法:采用文献资料法,通过中国期刊网、徐州师范大学图书馆检索有关文献,查阅跨栏运动员的成才资料、历年最好成绩,以及中国体育网站有关刘翔的信息,并进行整理与分析。利用比较法对刘翔的成绩进行自身纵向比较和与他人的横向比较。同时还运用Excel软件对所得资料进行数理统计法分析。结果:①刘翔在最快栏间速度上具备了与世界优秀运动员抗衡的实力,优势是步频快熏加速冲刺力强。②刘翔平跑速度和平均过栏腾空时间与世界优秀运动员有明显差距,也是刘翔赶超世界水平的突破口。③刘翔的跨栏步技术存在起跨角大、下栏距离长的问题。在今后的技术训练中,要加快过栏时两腿剪绞的速度和摆腿在过栏后积极下潜,朝着“远起跨、近落地”的跑栏技术特点而努力。结论:以赛带练已成为竞技体育训练的新趋势,能够使运动员的技术和心理日益成熟。此外训练应具有针对性,符合运动员的自身特点。

AIM： To sort out the data on Liu Xiang＇s results in 110-metro hurdle race from March 2003 to September 2005, compare with the results of famous athletes all over the world, and analyze each one＇s feature of leaping over the hurdles, thus discussing the training method and psychological superiority which suit their own character, as well as predicting the new tendency of 110-meter hurdle training. METHODS： Using the method of literature and material, a literature search was performed on CNKI and the Laboratory of Xuz hou Normal University to look up the materials about excellent hurdlers＇ succeeding experience and best results in the past years, as well as information about Liu Xiang on China Sports websites, and then arrange and analyze them. To compare Liu Xiang＇s results past and present and compare his results with others in comparing method. Meanwhile, excel software was used to do the mathematical and statistical analysis of the acquired data. RESULTS： ①Liu Xiang possesses the real strength to contend with the excellent athletes in the world in the fastest speed between hurdles, due to his high frequency rate and ability of quicken sprinting. ②To mention the running speed and average bouncing time over the hurdles, Liu Xiang still has a long way to go compared with other best athletes, which is just the breakthrough point for Liu Xiang to surpass the international level. ③ There is a problem for Liu Xiang when he is leaping over the hurdles that the leaping angle is too big and the distance over the hurdle is too long. In the aftertime technology training, he should accelerate the speed of legswing and landing while leaping over the hurdles, and try his best to master the technology of ＂long-distance leaping and near landing＂. CONCLUSION： Training while taking part in competitions is the new tendency in contest athletic training, which can make athletes ripe technically and mentally. Besides, the training ought to aim at the athletes＇ feature.