松花江表层沉积物、悬浮颗粒物与生物膜中各组分萃取分离的研究

Study on selective extraction of main components of sediments,suspended particulate and surface coatings sampled from Songhua River

主要研究一种对松花江表层沉积物、悬浮颗粒物与生物膜中各化学组分进行选择萃取分离的方法,从而深入了解各种重金属在各相以及各化学组分中的分配规律。结果表明:0.008mol.L-1NH2OH.HC l+0.01 mo.lL-1HNO3,30 m in可萃取锰氧化物;0.8 mo.lL-1Na2S2O4、pH=6.5时40 m in可萃取无定形铁氧化物和锰氧化物;0.1 mo.lL-1HNO3,30%H2O2,85℃水浴5 h萃取沉积物和悬浮颗粒物中有机质,0.02 mo.lL-1HNO3,30%H2O2振荡24 h萃取生物膜中有机质;0.1 mo.lL-1C6H806+0.2 mo.lL-1(NH4)2C2O4,pH=3.25萃取铁、锰氧化物条件对于各组分具有很好的分离效果。C6H806+(NH4)2C2O4与Tessier连续萃取法结果进行比较,认为所萃取的铁、锰几乎包含了沉积物、悬浮颗粒物与生物膜中全部起吸附作用的铁和锰。该方法可以应用于萃取松花江表层沉积物、悬浮颗粒物和生物膜中铁、锰氧化物和有机质,所萃取的组分具有可比性。

In order to investigation the distribution of heavy metals in different phases and components, a selective extraction method of main components in sediments, suspended particulate and surface coatings sampled from Songhua River was studied. The results indicated that the methods of 0. 008 mol· L^-1 NH2OH· HCl ＋0.01 mol· L^-1 HNO3 oscillating 30 rain to extract manganese oxides; 0. 8 mol·L^-1 Na2S2P4, pH =6.5, oscillating 40 rain to remove amorphous iron oxides and part of manganese oxides; 0. 1 mol·L^-1 HNO3 ,30% H2O2 ,85 ℃ in water bath for suspended particulate and sediments and 0.02 mol· L^-1 HNO3 ,30% H2O2 , 24 h for surface coatings to remove organic get better effect. By comparing with Tessier sequential extraction scheme, the conclusion can be drawn that iron and manganese oxides extracted by C6H8O6 ＋ （NH4）2C2O4 can represent nearly all the iron and manganese oxides which play an important role in heavy metals adsorption. Consequently the method could be employed to extract the manganese oxides, iron oxides and organic matters in surface coatings, suspended particulate and sediments sampled from Songhua River, and the extracted components were proved to be comparable.