流域泥沙灾害与泥沙资源性的研究

Study on sediment disaster and sediment utilization as resources

泥沙灾害与泥沙资源性是流域泥沙的重要属性,二者在一定条件下可以相互转化。本文论述了泥沙淤积、泥沙冲刷、岸滩崩塌、山地崩塌与泥石流、粗沙淤积的土地沙化等泥沙灾害,指出泥沙灾害具有时空分布的不均匀性、渐变性或突发性、群发性、转化性及危害严重性等;流域泥沙资源化的主要途径包括填海造陆及造地、引洪淤灌、堤防淤临淤背、建筑材料、湿地形成(河流、湖泊与河口海岸)等,指出流域泥沙资源化及其优化配置既要解决思想观念、基本理论、目标效益等方面的问题,还要考虑与水资源联合配置问题。

Sediment disasters and sediment utilization as resources are the important attributes of basin sediment. They could exchange their roles under some conditions. Some important sediment disasters, such as sediment deposition and erosion, bank failure, collapse of land and hill, mud-rock flow and land desertification, were stated in this paper. The characteristics for sediment disasters usually behave as bad temporal and spacial distribution, gradual or abrupt occurrence, mass occurrence exchangeability of each other, and so on. The sediment utilization ways as resources include the reclamation land, warping for the barren land, warping behind the banks of the river, building material, wetland reclamation, and so on. During the progress of sediment utilization as a resource and its optimum allocation, it is important not only to establish the basic theory, benefit objective, and the united allocation with water resources, but also to propagate this new concept to the public.