激素性股骨头坏死模型的建立及病理和影像学特征

Observation of pathological feature of glucocorticoid-induced avascular necrosis of femoral head in rabbits

目的建立兔激素性股骨头坏死动物模型,观察激素性股骨头坏死的病理及影像学特征。方法将20只健康新西兰兔随机分成两组,每组10只。A组:模型组,注射马血清及醋酸泼尼松龙造模;B组:正常对照组。采用X片及CT观察股骨头形态的变化,处死动物,标本进行常规组织病理学检查,并进行动脉墨汁灌注观察。结果X片及CT结果显示:造模组两侧股骨头密度不均一,关节面模糊;墨汁灌注血管造影显示股骨头血管显著减少;病理组织学观察结果显示:骨小梁骨细胞陷窝空疏,骨细胞核固缩,部分血管栓塞,骨髓腔内造血组织明显减少。结论马血清、激素诱导的激素性股骨头坏死动物模型病理变化、影像学改变符合临床典型股骨头坏死的特征,为进一步研究股骨头坏死发病机制及治疗方法提供基础。

Objective To establish animal model of glucocorticoid-induced avascular necrosis of femoral head （AVN） in rabbits to investigate the pathogenesis of glucocortieoid-induced osteonecrosis. Methods Twenty New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into two groups： group A： horse serum and prednisone, and group B as the control. Prepared-Chinese-ink injection into femoral cavity was also employed to observe the blood vessel in the local of femoral head under the light microscopy. The femoral head was observed with X-ray film, CT, and histopathologic examination. Results X-ray film and CT showed that the femoral head was inhomogeneous in group A, which was featured with defective periostea, nuclear pyknosis in osteocytes or necrosis, increased numbers of empty bone lacunae and fat cells, decreased hematopoietic tissue, and occluded blood vessels in comparison with normal control group under light microscopy and histological staining. Conclusions The typical animal model of osteoneerosis was induced by horse serum and prednisone, which would contribute to the therapy for necrosis of the femoral head.