哲学究竟是什么学科

What Kind of a Discipline Is Philosophy

把哲学看成是纯理论学科,源于理论与应用二分的传统学科设定,在这一设定中,哲学几乎被简化为形而上学,这种简化忽视了形而上学的特定的应用功能,也忽视了哲学在传统知识学科的总体性地位。现代性条件下自然科学、技术科学以及社会科学的学科大联盟从学科体制上把哲学进一步“逼进”了人文学科和“冷门”学科。但就哲学的内涵及其面对现代性问题应当发挥的应有功能而言,哲学实际上应当成为具有广泛学科渗透与整合功能的综合性理论学科。本质地讲,哲学不应当只是被看成一门独立的学科。

The criterion that determines philosophy as a purely theoretical study comes from the traditional classification of disciplines that separates basic research and practical research. According to this classification, philosophy is simplified to metaphysics, but this over-simplification fails to see the practical function of metaphysics or the general position of philosophy established in the traditional division of knowledge disciplines as a whole. Under circumstances of modernity, the cooperation of natural science, technology and social sciences further pushes philosophy to humanities and it becomes an unpopular discipline. However, in light of its connotation and the practical functions it is supposed to perform, philosophy should be considered a branch of multidisciplinary theoretical study. In essence, philosophy should not be viewed only as an independent discipline.