川金丝猴社会行为节目及其动作模式

Social behavioral repertoires and action patterns of Sichuan snub- nosed monkey(Rhinopithecus roxellana)

正确区分和定义川金丝猴各项社会行为节目及其动作模式是研究川金丝猴社会行为的重要基础。本文的目的是按照现代习性学的基本观点,探讨川金丝猴在演化过程中所形成的物种典型行为以及它们的固定动作模式。数据收集时间为1988～2005年,采用焦点动物取样法和随意取样法,对川金丝猴笼养条件下的繁殖群、半笼养条件下的繁殖群和全雄群、以及其自然栖息地神农架林区的野生猴群进行观察,总计观察约3000h。初步确定了川金丝猴54项物种典型行为节目及其动作模式,其中45项是群内个体之间用以进行社会交往的社会行为节目,包括8种在其他灵长类物种中目前还没有报道或比较少见的。

We have studied the social behavioral repertoires and their action patterns on Sichuan snub-nosed monkey （ Rhinopithecus roxellana i in two breeding cages at Beijing Raising and Training Center for Endangered Animal, in a semi-natural colony which containing one breeding unit and one all-male unit at Shanghai Wild Animal Park, and in the field by observing wild monkey groups at Shennongjia National Nature Reserve for 16 years, in total 3 000 more contact hours with monkeys. Both focal animal sampling and ad-libitum sampling were used. Fifty-four behavioral repertories and action patterns of the Sichuan snub-nosed monkey were recognized. Nine of the 54 behavioral repertories are non-social behavioral repertoires and the rest were social hehavioral repertoires. Eight of the forty-five social behavioral repertories and action patterns observed only in Sichuan snub-nosed monkey or rarely observed in other primates are discussed.