论冷战后美国国家安全战略的演进及其国际影响

The Transformation of National Security Strategy of US After the Cold War and its International Influence

冷战后,美国国家安全战略随即开始了由全面“遏制”向“威慑”战略的演进,新世纪初又借“9.11”之机直接出台“先发制人”战略并加以实施。这一“由守转攻”的演进并没有改变美国国家安全战略一贯所追求的美国主导全球的战略目标、战略任务和战略手段。尽管“先发制人”战略在短期内强化了美国控制世界权力资源的能力和单极主导地位,但从长远上将削弱美国的世界影响力,也会损害美国的国家利益。“先发制人”战略挑战现有国际机制,将加剧单边主义,刺激军备竞赛,加大国际安全困境。“先发制人”的战略必遭国际社会的反对而终将难以维系。在和平与发展的时代背景下,在世界多极化不可逆转的趋势中,只有树立互信、互利、平等、合作的新安全观,通过协商与对话的机制来应对全球化中的争端,才是确保和实现国家安全的出路。

After the cold war, the national security strategy of US immediately started to be transformed from Containment to Deterrence. At the beginning of 21st century Preemption was directly launched and implemented after the terrorist attacks of ＂9.11＂. The transformation certainly does not change the strategic target and the strategic mission of US, which all along pursues the global leadership. Although Preemption strengthened the authority and ability resources to control the world in short term, but in a long view it would not only weaken American soft power but harm the national interests of US because it challenges existing international regimes, intensifies the arms race and the international Security Dilemma. Since Preemption strategy will suffer the world, surely it should be resisted and have confronted with much difficulty to maintain. Under the irreversible tendency of peace, development and the multi-polarizalion of the world, there would be no way for US except that US takes the new security oullook to equally and cooperatively cope with the globalization conflicts through consultative dialogue in principle of mutual trust and mutual benefit to guarantee and realize the national security.