无安定器航弹刚体运动模型研究

Rigid Body Model of the Finless Aerial Bomb Motion

无安定器航弹因不具有传统意义上的飞行稳定性,其飞行过程不同于带尾翼的航弹,现有的以稳定飞行为基础的航弹弹道模型已经无法揭示其运动规律。该文以刚体一般运动理论为基础,引入了斜置坐标系和摆动轴坐标系,提出了航弹摆动角速度矢量轴高低角和方位角、斜置姿态角等概念,确定了姿态角与斜置姿态角之间的转换关系,建立了能够准确反映无安定器航弹空中运动特性的刚体运动模型。仿真计算结果表明:利用该模型求解无安定器航弹的弹道问题,克服了使用常规航弹弹道模型出现的“无界”问题,既可以准确地计算无安定器航弹的质心运动轨迹,还可以准确地描述摆动角速度矢量的变化规律,为全面掌握无安定器航弹的弹道特性奠定了基础。

The diagonal coordinates system and the oscillating axis coordinates system are introduced, and the concepts of the elevating angle, the azimuth angle of the oscillating angular velocity vector and the diagonal attitude angle of the aerial bomb are defined based on the theory of rigid body dynamics. The relationship between the attitude angle and the diagonal attitude angle is presented, and a rigid body motion model is built which can reflect the flying characteristics of the finless aerial bomb in the air. The simulation result shows that the unbounded problem that occurs in the calculation with the conventional aerial bomb model can be overcome by using the new model. It can calculate the trajectory of the mass center of the finless aerial bomb accurately and describe the change of the oscillating angular velocity vector precisely. This work provides a base for the research on the ballistic characteristics of the finless aerial bomb.