温州地区儿童血清特异性过敏原检测的临床意义

Detection of Specific Allergen in Serum of Children in Wenzhou Region and Its Clinical Significance

目的了解温州地区不同年龄组儿童哮喘及过敏性疾病的过敏原状况,以指导临床防治。方法采用体外过敏原检测系统(法玛西亚CAP系统)对我院呼吸科门诊及住院患儿468例进行过敏原特异性IgE(sIgE)抗体检测,将所有受检儿童分为婴幼儿、学龄前、学龄期3组,对过敏原状况进行分析比较。结果哮喘发病主要集中于学龄前和婴幼儿期,过敏性鼻炎主要发生于学龄儿童;各种过敏性疾病中过敏性鼻炎sIgE阳性检出率最高,其次是哮喘和过敏性咳嗽;婴幼儿以食物过敏为主,较大年龄儿童以吸入性过敏为主,学龄前儿童两者均可发生;温州地区吸入性过敏原以尘螨为主,食入性以虾为主;在螨sIgE阳性者中哮喘比率最高,其次是过敏性鼻炎和过敏性咳嗽。结论螨及虾是温州地区儿童最常见过敏原。哮喘应在婴幼儿及学龄前期及早进行针对性防治,体外血清过敏原特异性抗体检测CAP系统是婴幼儿及学龄前儿童过敏原检测的方法之一。

Objective To determine the allergen of the children in different age groups with asthma or other allergic diseases in Wenzhou region, as to instruct the clinical prevention and treatment. Methods Using the serum allergen test system（pharmacia CAP system）, allergen specific IgE were determined in 468 cases from the outpatients and ward in department of respiratory disease. All children were divided into 3 groups（ infants, preschool children, school children）according to their ages. Adopting SPSS 11.5 statistics software to analyse the results. Results The pathogenic age of asthma centers in infant and preschool children groups, while allergic rhinitis resembles in school age group. Among all the allergic diseases, the positive ratio of slgE was highest wan allergic rhinitis, the second was asthma and then allergic cough. These infants have higher allergen positive ratio in food, the elder children more in inhalation, and the preschool children in both. The most common allergen of inhalation in Wenzhou region was dtnt mite, and food allergen was shrimp. Among the children with mite positive slgE, the ratio of asthma was highest, followed by allergic rhinitis and allergic cough. Conclusions Dust mite and shrimp are the most common allergens of the children in Wenzhou region, and the common allergens are different in every age group. Asthma should be prevented and therapied in infants and preschool age pointing to the specific allergens. The CAP test system of serum allergen specific IgE test is a good methold for the determination of allergen in these children.