我国海水鱼类养殖大产业架构与前景展望

Outlook of the marine fish culture industry in China

我国的海水鱼类养殖,自新中国成立至今,经历了几代人半个世纪的奋力开拓,取得了由传统养殖向工业化养殖方向的转变。20世纪90年代兴起的第4次海水养殖产业浪潮,向世人昭示中国人已经扭转了海水鱼类养殖长期滞后(与藻、贝、虾类相比)的局面,形成了北方以工厂化为主,南方以网箱为主的养殖热潮,成功开辟了海水鱼类养殖主流产业,产生了巨大的经济和社会效益。为使我国的海水鱼类养殖产业持续、健康发展,当前最重要的是要以科学发展观为指导,加快转变经济增长方式,根据各海区和岸带的特点和发挥各自的资源优势,去构筑符合国情的海水鱼类养殖大产业。

In the recent decade, the marine fishfarming industry in China has been developing rapidly, the prosperity of cage culture and intensive indoor culture acquired great economic and social benefits. However, with the development of the marine fishfarming industry, some problems like strain, techniques, market, price, environment and resources, etc. have become obstacles impacted on the further development of the industry. Witnessed this situation, the concept of ＂constructing a marine fish culture grand industry＂ is put forward. The following four aspects were discussed： 1）the characteristics of the marine fish culture industry in China; 2） the comparison and gap in fish culture industry between China and European, American countries; 3）the necessity and feasibility to construct a grand industry and 4）preliminary blueprint of the grand industry and prospect. What discuscussed in the present paper aimed at experiencing past lessons, promoting common understanding and exploring a marine fish polyculture mode with multi-species to make the marine fish culture grand industry in China develop sustainably.