横断山的地缘环境及民族文化旅游发展

On the Geo-environment of the Hengduan Mountains and the Development of Ethnic Culture Tourism

费孝通提出的“藏彝走廊”,其位置大致相当于地貌上的横断山区,行政上包括西藏的昌都地区,四川的阿坝、甘孜、凉山3个民族自治州和攀技花市,以及云南滇西北的迪庆、怒江两自治州和丽江市。民族学和考古学研究成果已经证明,沿着这些通道确实有过古代民族的迁徙。论文从地名的起源对横断山脉、从地缘政治角度对民族走廊、从地缘经济观点对农牧交错带进行了初步分析,从一个新的视觉探讨藏彝走廊的地缘环境特征和区域旅游发展的问题。地缘政治学意义的藏彝走廊,既有通道的功能,又具屏障的作用:走廊中横断山脉间南北“纵贯”的河谷就是历史上民族迁徙的通道;而屏障有三:即地貌的屏障、生态的屏障和民族的屏障。这些条件就形成了走廊地区丰富的民族文化,形成了独特的呈南北走向的农牧交错带。生态脆弱带的特征,给本地区的开发带来值得关注的一系列问题。人们最爱走的路是前人踏出来的路,而“张林源线”就是一条沿古代的民族迁徙的旅游路线。

The ＂Tibetan-Yi Corridor＂ is located in the area of the Hengduan Mountains, including the administrative areas of Changdu Prefecture in Tibet, Aba, Ganzi and Liangshan Minority Autonomous Prefectures and Panzhihua Municipality in Sichuan, Diqing and Lujiang Minority Autonomous Prefectures in Yunnan and Lijiang Municipality. Ethnological and archaeological findings have proven that ancient nationalities did migrate through the Corridor. This paper has analyzed the Hengduan Mountains from the perspective of the origin of toponym, the minority corridor from the perspective of geopolitics and the agro-pastoral transitional zone from the angle of geoeconomics. It also probes into the problems of the tourism development and the geo-environmental traits of the Tibetan-Yi Corridor from a new point of view. Geopolitically, the Tibetan-Yi Corridor acts as a passage and functions as a barrier as well. In the Corridor, the valley from the north to the south of Hengduan Mountains used to be the passage of the ancient migration. The barrier consists of three factors： geomorphology, ecology and nationalities, which have been rich in ethnic cultures of the Corridor Region and formed the agro-pastoral transitional zone in a particular north-south direction. The traits of fragile ecology in this ecological zone have posed a series of problems in its tourism development. The most popular way is just to follow the foregoers, and ＂Zhang Linyuan Road＂ is such a tourism route following the migration route of the ancient nationalities.