地理历史学与中国历史进程的地理基础

Geo-history and the Geological Base of Chinese History

历史学和地理学可能交叉整合出一门新的分支学科———地理历史学。地理历史学主要研究地理环境对人的集团的存在和发展的作用,包括稳定的地理环境对历史进程的影响和变迁的地理环境对历史进程的影响,力求阐明人的集团的历史行为与地理环境之间的内在联系或统一性,以揭示出客观存在的“地理—历史”规律。中国地理历史学应主要研究受宇宙环境影响的中国现代自然地理环境对中国重大历史事件和历史进程的作用问题,以揭示出“中国的地理—历史”规律。基于这样的粗浅的理论观念,我们将在前辈学者的具体的历史研究的基础上,从地理历史学的角度简要地探讨和阐述中国古典文明的诞生、中国封建社会的长期延续、中国历史上的农牧冲突和中国历史上的南北对峙等四个问题。

The integration and combination of history and geography may produce a new sub-discipline, that is, the science of geo-history. This new science aims at a study of the influence of geo-environment on the survival and development of human groups, including the impacts of stable and changing geo-environments on human history. It also aims to expound the internal relation or unity between the historical action of human groups and the geo-environment in order to reveal the objective law of ＂geo-history＂. The geo-history of China should focus on its study of the impacts of the natural geo-environment of modern China on the important historical events and development in Chinese history in order to reveal the law of ＂Chinese geo-history＂. With these theoretical concepts and the research findings of Chinese history by previous scholars, the paper briefly expounds the birth of ancient Chinese civilization, the long period of China＇s feudal society, the conflicts between agriculture and animal husbandry in Chinese history and the confrontation between north China and south China from the perspective of geo-history.