论中国古代治边之重北轻南倾向及其形成原因

On the Administrative Emphasis on the Border Area of North China Rather Than South China in Ancient Times and the Possible Causes

重北轻南,即在边疆统治方面重视北方、相对忽视南方的倾向,是封建王朝治边方略的重要组成部分。秦汉时这一倾向基本形成,以后延续了上千年。受其影响,历代王朝统治边疆及边疆民族的原则,有不少是从对付北方少数民族的方法发展而来。因驻兵、屯田及经营的重点长期在北方,元以前中原王朝对南部边疆开发的力度较小。元与清重北轻南的倾向不甚明显,主要由于这两个王朝减轻了来自北部边疆的压力。重北轻南治边倾向的形成,与南北方少数民族有不同特点,南北方民族融合过程的差异,北方为历代军事争夺的重点,以及北方游牧民族易对中原王朝构成威胁等因素有关。

The administrative emphasis on the border area of north China rather than south China was an important administrative strategy of the Feudal Imperial Court of China. This strategy emerged in the Qin and the Han Dynasty and lasted one thousand years. It influenced the policies and principles concerning border management as well as the border peoples in different dynasties. It developed from the ways of treating the minority nationalities in north China. In those days, the station troops, land-cultivation and management centered on north China. Before the Yuan Dynasty, the Imperial Court of the Central Plains paid relatively less attention to the development of south China. The Yuan and the Qing Dynasty had a more balanced management of the North and the South due to less pressure from the north border. The formation of the administrative emphasis on the border area of north China rather than south China was related to such factors as the different traits of the minority nationalities, the different processes of ethnic fusion in the North and in the South, the North as the military focus and the threat of the north nomadic nationalities to the Imperial Court of the Central Plains.