心理治疗理论中超个人心理学的最新研究趋势

Latest research direction of transpersonal psychology in the theory of psychotherapy

目的:通过介绍超个人心理学产生的历史渊源,阐释了其基本理论框架和研究特点,从历史与现实、理论与实验相结合的角度探讨了这一学派的一些最新研究成果,揭示当代西方心理学正在走向的新趋向。资料来源:应用计算机检索EBSCOhost数据库1985-01/2005-09相关文章,检索词“Transpersonalpsychology”并限定文章语言种类为英文,同时检索CNKI数据库现有年限的文章,检索词“超个人心理学”,限定文章语言种类为中文。资料选择:对资料进行初审,选择关于超个人心理学的文献,然后筛除一些具体的个案研究。资料提炼:根据上述关键词,共收集到文献22篇,排除10篇没有全文下载的文献,纳入超个人心理学为主的英文文献12篇,其中理论探讨的9篇,1篇应用型文章,1篇个案研究,1篇书评;中文文献9篇,全部都是综述型的理论探讨。资料综合:超个人心理学的基本假设:超个人心理学的核心概念是非二元性,认为每个部分都是整体固有的和不可分割的组成部分。超心理学家认为人的概念包括意识、条件作用、人格和同一性,他们认为他们的理论不是和其他心理学家相对立的,而是更高层次的心理学理论,它承认每一较低层次心理学理论的相对价值,并整合较低层次的理论于超个人体系中,并获得了巨大的发展。但也使人们产生将超心理学等同于超心理学,将其视为宗教,将其看作是心理学的一个分支或将其视为一种哲学的误解。结论:超个人心理学提倡的是一种整合的研究取向,即把东方的古老文化同西方的科学心理学相整合,把现代人对心理的科学理解同宗教的神秘体验相整合,把个人的表面的心理现象同超个人的内部心理现象相整合。

OBJECTIVE： This article provided an introduction and overview of the historical development, scientific basis, philosophical stance, theoretical principles and clinical methods of transpersonal psychology. DATA SOURCES： A computer-based online search of EBSCOhost database was undertaken to identify relevant articles published in English between January 1985 and September 2005 by using the keywords of ＂transpersonal psychology＂. Meanwhile Chinese relevant articles were also searched in China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI） with the same keywords in Chinese. STUDY SELECTION： The literatures about transpersonal psychology were selected primarily, and then the same unqualified case studies were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION： Totally 22 literatures were collected, 10 without full-texts were excluded, 12 English and 9 Chinese literatures about transpersonal psychology were involved, in which 9 concerning theory discussions, 1 about exertion and 1 concerning comments; The other 9 Chinese literatures were all concerning theory discussions about summarization. DATA SYNTHESIS： General hypothesis of transpersonal psychology： The core concept of transpersonal psychology was non-duality, it believes that each part is＇integrate and inseparable. Transpersonal psychologists consider that the concept of human being includes consciousness, conditional action, personality and identity, and they thought their theory was not opposite to other psychologists, but was the psychological theory of higher level, it admitted the relative value of the psychological theory of each lower level, and integrates the lower one into transpersonal system, and obtained great development. But it also produces a misunderstanding for people that transpersonal psychology equals to parapsychology, and believes that it is religious, and takes it as one branch of psychology or a kind of philosophy. CONCLUSION： Transpersonal psychology is trying to integrate the wisdom of mental tradition into knowledge systems in modern psychology, integrate the scientific understating of modern people to psychology with the religious mystical experience, also integrate individual superficial psychological manifestation with the transpersonal internal one.