音乐干预的特征

Characteristics of music intervention

目的:介绍音乐干预的发展历程,生理、心理效应,实施原则,并详细地综述近期国内外的最新临床各科室应用,希望对国内音乐干预的开展有所帮助。资料来源:应用计算机检索Medline数据库1999-01/2005-08期间的与音乐干预相关文章,检索词为“musicintervention”,限定文章语言种类为英文。同时,计算机检索万方数据资源系统与中国期刊全文数据库1999-01/2005-08期间与音乐干预相关的文章,检索词为“音乐干预”,限定文章语言种类为中文。资料选择:对资料进行初审,选取资料包括音乐干预的基础和临床相关文献,筛除明显不随机实验的研究,对剩余的文献开始查找全文,进一步判断为随机对照实验。纳入标准:为随机对照实验,采用单盲,双盲或非盲法;实验包含平行对照组。排除标准:重复性实验研究。资料提炼:共收集到38篇关于音乐干预方面的基础和临床实验研究原著,在38篇原著中,排除重复性研究11篇,以27篇进行综述。资料综合:目前音乐干预主要集中于生理、心理效应,实施原则和临床各科室应用。音乐是一种实施方便,相对价廉,无损伤性干预,这种干预已用于降低心率、血压、心肌耗氧量、胃肠功能、焦虑和疼痛等。同时音乐干预实施的6项原则已被确定,即目的性原则、确实同在原则、整体性原则、根据患者的喜好选择的原则、根据患者的喜好选择、转化的原则、妥善安置患者的原则。音乐干预的6项原则被用作护理干预的指南,将在促进整体护理关怀的发展中起到重要作用。结论:目前音乐干预的基础和临床研究均取得一定的进展,标准操作规程应尽快制定,更应加强这方面的研究。

OBJECTIVE： To introduce the progressive process, physiological and psychological effects as well as practice principle of music intervention, and detailedly review its latest clinical application at home and abroad with expectation of helping to carry out music intervention in China. DATA SOURCES： An online search of Medline database was undertaken by using the keyword of ＂music intervention＂ to identify the relevant articles of music intervention published in English from January 1999 to August 2005. Meanwhile, Wanfang database and China Academic Journals Database were scanned with computer to search the relevant articles of music intervention published from January 1999 to August 2005, and the keyword was ＂music intervention＂ with language limited to Chinese. STUDY SELECTION： After primary screening, the relevant articles about the basic and clinical study of music intervention were selected, while the obvious non-randomized trials were excluded, and then the full texts of selected articles were searched for randomized controlled study. Inclusive criteria： randomized controlled study with single-blind, double- blind Or non-blind method; experiment including parallel control groups. Exclusive criteria： repetitive experimental study. DATA EXTRACTION： Totally 38 original articles related to basic and clinical study of music intervention were collected. Of the 38 articles, 27 articles in accordance with the inclusive criteria were reviewed, while other 11 studies were excluded due to repetitive studies. DATA SYNTHESIS： At present, music intervention mainly focuses on physiological and psychological effects, practice principle and clinical application. It is proved that music is an easy-to-administer, relatively inexpensive, noninvasive intervention that has been used to reduce heart rate, blood pressure, myocardial oxygen consumption, gastrointestinal function, anxiety, and pain. At the same time, six principles of music intervention hawe been identified： intent, authentic presence, wholeness, preference, entrainment and situating the client, which can be used as a guide for Using music as a nursing intervention and play a important role in promoting the development of holistic nursing care. CONCLUSION： Some progresses have been achieved in the basic and clinical study of music intervention nowadays. The standard operating procedure for music intervention should be established as soon as possible so as to strengthen in future study.