福柯对人文主义和存在主义人性观的否定

Foucault's negation of humane value of humanism and existentialism

福柯用考古学和系谱学的方法去考证人和构造人,并赋予人以真实的涵义。在他的哲学体系中,主体之人经历了“诞生”和“死亡”等阶段。他认为“人”是现代知识图式的产物、是知识与权力的产物,而不是人文主义者和存在主义者所解释的人。因为人文主义者把人放到科学中去找寻他自己的位置,存在主义者则主张普遍化和绝对化的“人”,这样不但没有把人的经验提高到应有的高度,反而把人导向了死亡。

Foucauh made textual research into and structured human from the perspective of archaeology and genealogy and gave human the true connotation. In his philosophical system, human as subject experienced stages such as birth and death. He thought that human was the product of modern knowledge schema and knowledge and power rather than human explained by humanism and existentialism.Humanists proposed that human should look for his own position from science and existentialism advocated universalized and absolute human, which did not improve human＇s experience to the expected level, but led human to death.