从“词本位”到“字中心”——对外汉语教学的战略转移

On the Shift from Word-centered Teaching to Character-centered Teaching in Teaching Chinese as a Second Language (TCSL)

半个世纪以来,对外汉语教学基本上走的是“词本位”教学路子,但始终没能摆脱“汉字难学”及教学效率不高的困境。近年,一种代表性的意见是主张对外汉语教学改走“字本位”教学路子。本文认为“字本位”抓住了汉语的最小书写单位、形音义三位一体的字,是一个正确的方向,并在基本肯定其教学思路的基础上对“字本位”教学作了“修正”,提出对外汉语教学应向“字中心”教学路子作战略转移。

For more than half a century, word has been the teaching focus in TCSL, but the teaching result is not satisfactory. In recent years, character has been proposed as the focus in teaching. The paper holds that character-centered teaching represents a correct direction in teaching because character is the smallest unit of writing and the combination of form, sound and meaning.