流域数据模型研究——以太湖流域西苕溪流域为例

Watershed data model:a case study of Xitiaoxi sub-waterhed,Taihu Basin

流域数据模型是流域特征的语义、行为和规则的表达,是进行集成流域模拟和管理的空间数据组织的重要内容．本文以长江三角洲太湖流域上游的西苕溪流域为例,将汇流单元分为自然流域、“大包围”、圩区三种形式,分别建立了各自内部的河湖网络关系,即山区由自然流域单元,内包含水库(或湖泊)、河流、水工点的树状河湖网络关系;平原区由人工汇流单元,内包含大包围、圩区、湖泊、湿地、河道、水工点的网状河湖网络关系,为建立适合我国的流域数据模型做了有益的探索．

Concept of watershed data model is from geodatabase. Watershed data model is the description of meaning, behavior and role of features in a watershed, which demanded by integrated watershed modeling and management. Taking the Xitiaoxi watershed, which is located in the upper reaches in Taihu Basin, as a case study, the drainage was divided into three types： watershed, flood control area and polder. Different stream-lake networks were constructed in these three drainage types： tree type stream-lake network, which include lake （reservoir）, Dou, stream, hydrological points, in nature drainage （watershed） ; net type stream-lake network, which include flood control area, polder, lake, wetland, canal, stream and hydrological points, in artificial drainage. If the scale of drainage is selected suitably, any complex water network in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangzte River can be described by these two type stream-lake network. Features included in any of drainage type and relationships of each other were constructed in this paper, which can be helpful for watershed data model construction in China.