公路建设干扰下的生态系统变化及其机理

Ecosystem Changes and Their Mechanisms Caused by Disturbances of Highway Construction

在总结公路建设直接和间接生态干扰作用的基础上,从生态系统组分入手,论述了公路建设干扰下非生物组分(土壤、地形、气候等),个体、种群、群落等层次的生物组分、生态系统整体特征(结构和功能)等方面的生态变化内容;分析了公路建设干扰下生态系统的演替方向和植被类型的改变趋势,并从生态系统结构和功能两方面构建了公路建设干扰下生态系统变化的表征指标体系;对公路建设干扰下生态系统的变化机理进行了分析,指出公路建设促成了土壤、地形等非生物组分和各层次生物组分的变化,从而改变了生态系统结构和功能特征,使得其演替方向和植被类型发生了更替。

Based on summation of direct and indirect disturbances caused by highway construction, the changes of non-biological components（such as soils, landforms and weather）, biological components （on levels of individual, population and community） and the whole ecosystem characteristics（ structure and functions） caused by highway construction were discussed. The changing trends of ecosystem succession and vegetation types were analyzed. The index system of the ecosystem changes caused by highway construction was .set up from the aspects of ecosystem structure and functions. The mechanisms of ecosystem changes were discussed. It was pointed out that disturbances of highway construction made non-biological and biological components change; disturbances of highway construction and the changes of non-blological and biological components made structure and functions of ecosystem change; and eventually the changes of eeosvstem succession and vegetation types ocurred.