湖南湘潭矿业废弃地土壤特性研究

Study on Characteristics of Soil in Mining Abandoned Lands in Xiangtan, Hunan Province

对湖南湘潭锰矿废弃地的土壤基质特殊性和少量自然定居植物营养元素和重金属元素含量进行研究。结果表明:尾矿废弃地土壤以砂粉土为主,通气透水性能差,渗透系数小,易造成地面积水;矿渣废弃地渗透系数大,蓄水量少而蒸发失水强,抗旱力弱。2类废弃地土壤营养元素含量低,重金属元素锰、铜的含量高,毒害大。在自然定居的少量植物中,商陆和荩草为超积累植物。采用植物生物原位修复法改善极端生境条件,既经济又高效。

In China, there are many mining abandoned lands. Regeneration of mining abandoned lands is always a difficult problem. By field investigation - plant filtering- popularizing method, the article studied on not only nutrition element contents of plant but also physical and chemical characteristics and heavy metals contents of soil sampled in Xiangtan manganic mining abandon lands, Hunan Province. The results showed：the soil of tailing abandoned land was mainly consisted of the sandy powder, it happened to plash in the raining day for the poor ventilation and infiltrative coefficient. By contraries, the slag wasteland had bigger infiltrative coefficient, evaporation, and bad accumulation and tolerate-drought. The nutrition element content of soil in the two kinds of abandoned lands were low, but it had the higher contents of Mn and Cu, which had strong poision. Among plants settled down in the two abandoned lands, Phytolacca acinosa and Arthraxon hispidus were two hyperaccumulator plants. By analysis, plant situ-rehabilitation would be a economic and efficient method for generation to this wastelands.