不同土壤类型对优质小麦品质及产量的影响

Effect on Quality Traits and Grain Yield of the High-quality Wheat in Different Types of Soils

为了研究不同土壤类型对优质小麦品质和产量的影响,以10个不同基因型优质小麦品种(系)在5种不同土壤类型区的11个地点进行试验。结果表明,蛋白质含量表现为河潮土>棕壤>潮土>砂姜黑土>褐土,湿面筋含量和沉淀值表现为河潮土>棕壤>砂姜黑土>潮土>褐土,但变异系数相对较小,分别为5.80%、5.96%、12.06%;容重、硬度、面团形成时间、断裂时间、公差指数和评价值表现为砂姜黑土最优,褐土、棕壤次之,河潮土最差,容重、硬度变异系数较小为1.27%、6.38%,粉质参数变异较大,变异系数分别为10.08%、14.62%、16.90%、13.30%。产量表现为砂姜黑土>潮土>褐土>棕壤>河潮土,在不同土壤类型间产量、穗数和千粒重变异较大,粒数相对稳定。不同土壤类型对优质小麦品质性状、产量和产量因素有较大影响,但各性状在不同土壤类型间的变异不同。

Effect on quality traits and grain yield of the high-quality wheat in different types of soils were studied on the condition of 10 high-quality wheat varieties with different genotypes grown in 5 soil types （including 11 test sites）. The results showed that protein content was fluvo-aquic soil 〉 brown soil 〉 aquent 〉 sandy black soil 〉 cinnamon, wet gluten content and sedimentation value were fluvo-aquic soil 〉 brown soil 〉 standy black soil 〉 aquent 〉 cinnamon,their CV were 5.80%, 5.96% and 12.06% respectively; while volume weight, hardness, development time, break time, mechanical tolerance index and valorimeter value indicated that standy black soil was the best, next were cinnamon soil and brown soil, fluvo-aquic soil was the lowest, the CV of volume weight and hardness were small, 1.27 % and 6.38 % ; the CV of farinograph parameters were large, 10.08 %, 14.62 %, 16.90% and 13.30% respectively. Grain yield was standy black soil 〉 aquent 〉 cinnamon 〉 brown soil 〉 fluvo-aquic soil, and the CV of grain yield and spikes were large, that of kernel and 1000-kernel weight were standly. So, they were high effect on quality traits, grain yield and the yield components of the high-quality wheat in different soil types, but the CV of traits in different soil types was varied.