广州市流行性脑脊髓膜炎流行病学调查

Epidemiological Study of Meningitis Caused by Neisseria Meningitidis in Guangzhou City

目的了解广州市人群流行性脑脊髓膜炎(简称流脑)的发病和带菌、抗体水平情况。方法病例个案调查采用统一调查表统计分析。人群采用横断面研究、整群抽样方法。结果2004年12月至2005年4月,广州市共发生流脑55例(其中民工及其子女占87.27%(48/55)、死亡2例(为民工),发病率为7.48/10万,病死率为3.6%。大学城工地民工带菌率(11.32%)明显高于广州市一般人群(1.92%)及大学城在校大学生(0.68%,!2=37.5412,P<0.001)。在大学城在校学生、大学城工地民工中注射流脑疫苗,免疫两周后抗体阳性率为93.82%(167/178),抗体阳性率明显高于免疫前(!2=85.6148,P<0.001)。结论广州市流动人口对A群流脑免疫力低,人群流脑菌苗接种率低,提示今后应在流动人群聚集地开展流脑菌苗接种,以提高其免疫水平。

Objective To examine the occurrence of meningitis caused by neisseria meningitidis and the level of serum anti-neisseria antibody. Method Using uniform form in case investigation, and using section cross investigation and cluster sampling. Result Between December 2004 and April 2005, there were 55 cases of infections caused by neisseria meningitidis in Guangzhou. Two of the patients were died of infection. The morbidity rate was 7.48/10,0000, and the mortality rate was 3.6%. The percentage of workers （11.32%） carrying neisseria was higher than the individuals living in Guangzhou（1.92%） or students living in University City＇s（0.68% ,P〈0.001 ）. In Guangzhou University City, all the workers and students were immunized with neisseria vaccine. Two weeks after immunization, the percentage of sero-conversion was 93.82% （167/178, X^2z=85.6148, P〈0.001）. Conclusion Most of the people migrating to Guangzhou had a low level of antibody for neisseria meningitidis. Most of the individuals in this population were not immunized for this pathogen. Immunization program should include this population of people in order to increase their immunity against infection by neisseria meningitidis.