科层制的涵义及结构特征分析——兼评韦伯的科层制理论

The Analysis of Meaning and Structural Characteristics of Bureaucracy——Concurrently on Marx Webber's Bureaucracy Theory

科层制(或官僚制)具有正反两个方面的功能:科层制组织的有效率的正功能和缺乏适应性和灵活性的反功能。因此,重要的是完整地、科学地理解科层制。韦伯提出科层制结构特征有:根据组织目标进行劳动分工并实现专业化,实行等级制原则,建立合法权威。科层制通过稳定的规章程序运作,科层制的职位占有者具有非人格化的理性特征。在我国科层组织有自己的典型特征:权力过于集中、机构重叠、权责不分和组织行为缺乏理性。客观全面地了科层制基本理论及它的优缺点,对我国企业生产管理有重要的意义。

Bureaucracy has both positive and negative functions： The positive function of bureaucratic organization is efficiency; the negative function is lack of adaptability and flexibility. Therefore it is important to comprehend Bureaucracy perfectly and scientifically. The paper analyzes the meaning and the structural characteristic of Bureaucracy from the point of organizationa! sociology; it also comments Bureaucracy theory written by Marx Webber briefly.