强侧风作用下棚车气动外形优化

Optimization Research on Aerodynamic Figure of the Box Car under Crosswinds

铁路通用车型中,强侧风作用下棚车的气动性能最差。利用二维定常不可压缩N-S方程、k-ε两方程紊流模型,采用有限体积法对强侧风作用下棚车气动外形进行了优化研究。结果表明,棚车车顶形状对强侧风作用下棚车气动性能有较大影响,圆弧型车顶的P65型棚车气动性优于“人”字型车顶P64型棚车;棚车侧壁和车顶圆弧采用圆弧过渡比直接连接的效果好,综合考虑棚车气动性能和有效容量两方面因素,建议车顶圆弧和过渡圆弧半径分别取2692mm和500mm。

Under strong crosswinds, the aerodynamic performance of box car is the worst in the universal vehicles used in the railroad. Using 2D, steady state incompressible Navier-Stokes equation and two equations k-ε turbulent model for the box car under strong crosswinds, the optimization of the aerodynamic figure has been carried out by finite volume. Results obtained show that the figure of roof greatly affects the aerodynamic performance of box car. The P65 box car with arch roof has better aerodynamic performance than the P65 box car with slope roof. If the roof arc and the lateral wall could be connected by the round fillet, the aerodynamic performance would be much better. With a consideration of the two factors of aerodynamic performance and the effective volume, it is suggested that the roof are radius should be 2692mm and the fillet arc radius be 500mm.