活动断层、地震灾害与减灾对策问题

Active Faults, Associated Earthquake Disaster Distribution and Policy for Disaster Reduction

本文在对活动断层的定义和相关概念的论述基础上,通过活动断层与地震灾害间空间分布上的相关性分析,以及海原断裂带松山和阿尔金断裂带阿克塞老城西等地点的探槽地质剖面的介绍等,揭示出活动断层近地表永久性地质变形的局部化特征,永久变形带宽度一般小于30m。文章最后介绍了美国加州地震断层划定法案的主要内容和活动断层填图计划作为积极有效减灾的一项公益性对策,指出中国大陆地区应有步骤地开展大比例尺活动断层填图来有效地减轻可能遭遇的地震灾害。

Based on the definition of the active fault and its related concepts, we analyzed the spatial correlation between the active fault and its associated earthquake disaster distribution for the 1996 Kobe earthquake, 1999 Izmit earthquake and 1999 Jiji earthquake. Then we checked the permanent geologic deformation belts on the trench walls that cross the Maomaoshan-Laohushan segment of the Haiyuan fault at the Songshan pull-apart and the Altyn Tagh fault. From above discussion it is pointed out that the width of earthquake surface rupturing and the repeatedly faulting along an active fault is limited within 30m in general. After introducing the contents for Earthquake Fault Zoning Ac, California, USA and its active fault mapping project as a positive public policy for disaster reduction, we point out that the active fault mapping project of the China's Mainland is also needed to carry out in order to reduce the earthquake disaster effectively.