试析《孟子》中寓言的类型及作用

On the Types and Functions of Fables in the B ook of Mencius

孟子是战国时代著名的思想家,他在授徒讲学、游说诸侯的过程中,能够针对不同对象,机智灵活地运用寓言来阐述自己的思想理论、政治主张,进而对儒家学说在当时和后世的传播起到了重要作用。孟子运用的寓言,按材料来源可以划分为三类:历史传说型、民间故事型和即兴创作型。孟子寓言的作用,具体主要表现为:阐释己见、驳斥论敌、劝诫诱导以及讽刺揭露。

Mengzi was a famous thinker in the Warring States Period. In the course of propagating his points of view , Mengzi could make good use of fables . The doctrine of the Confucian school was propagated successfully by this way, The fables of Mengzi can be classified into 3 types aceortding to the souroes of materials. The 3 types are the type of using historical legends, the type of using folk tales and the type of making an improvisation. The fables of Mengzi performed 4 different functions ; explaining his own viewpoints, refuting the opponents in a debate, persuading somebody and exposing somebody by ridiculing him.