硅藻土高吸水性复合材料的制备及性能研究

Synthesis and properties of porous diatomite mineral/ sodium polyacrylate superabsorbent composite

以丙烯酸和具有多孔结构的硅藻土矿物为主要原料,采用水溶液聚合法制备出了硅藻土/聚丙烯酸钠高吸水性复合材料,研究了硅藻土添加量、引发剂用量、交联剂用量、单体中和度等合成条件对复合材料吸水倍率的影响,探讨了硅藻土对复合材料耐盐性和保水性能的影响。实验表明,加入适量的硅藻土有利于提高复合材料的吸水性能和明显改善吸水树脂的耐盐性和保水性,特别是当硅藻土含量为60%时其吸蒸馏水量达1424 g/g,其最大吸自来水、CaCl2溶液和0.9%生理盐水量分别达到了518g/g、200g/g和83g/g。

The superabsorbent composite was synthesized from porous diatomite and sodium acrylate by water solution polymerization. The effects of reaction conditions such as the amount of diatomite, initiator agent, cross-linking agent and neutralization degree of monomer on the properties of the superabsorbent composite were investigated. The influence of diatomite on salt resistance and water retentivity of composite was discussed in the paper. The results showed that the product possessed better water absorbency, salt resistance, water retentivity with a amount of diatomite. Especially, when the diatomite accounted for 60%, the deionizing water absorption was 1424 g/g. The maximum absorption in tap water, CaCl2 solution and 0.9% NaC1 solution was 518 g/g, 200 g/g and 83 g/g, respectively.