两汉时期的治羌政策

The Policies for the Qiang Nationality of the Western and Eastern Han Dynasties

羌族是两汉时期北方重要的游牧民族,对当时的政治社会产生了深远的影响。两汉王朝对羌族采取了不同的政策:西汉采取了“隔绝羌胡”、恩威并施等政策,其核心是围绕“隔绝羌胡”展开的;东汉采取了强制内徙、以夷治夷、武力征伐等政策,其核心是以武力征伐为主。正是由于西汉实施了正确的治羌政策,才使得西汉的西北边疆政策得以顺利实施,集中力量解决西汉最大的边患———匈奴;也正是由于东汉实施了错误的治羌政策,才出现了贯穿于整个东汉始末的“羌祸”,并最终使“羌祸”成为东汉灭亡的重要原因之一。

The Qiang Nationality was an important nomadic nationality in north China during the Western and Eastern Han Dynasties and exerted profound influence upon the political and social conditions of the time. The two dynasties adopted different policies for the Qiang Nationality. Western Han Dynasty segregated it and resorted to both benevolence and severity for it, with the segregation of the Qiang nationality as the core of the policy. The Eastern Han Dynasty forced the Qiang Nationality to migrate into the then inner China, and played off other foreign powers against it and launched military punitive expedition against the Qiang Nationality, with the military punitive expedition as the core. It was the proper policy of the Western Han Dynasty for the Qiang Nationality that secured its smooth application of the total pack of policies on its northwestern frontier, so that the Western Han could focus on its biggest trouble - the Hun problem. Right on the contrary, wrong policies for the Qiang Nationality of the Eastern Han Dynasty resulted in the ＂Qiang Disaster＂ that went on throughout its durance and at last contributed to its collapse.