生防木霉菌生物安全性评价

Evaluation of Biocontrol Trichoderma on Biology Security

目的检测木霉菌(Trichodermasp.)的生物安全性,评价木霉菌应用后对部分生态因子的影响。方法采用常规试验方法,将木霉菌孢子进行种子接菌、土壤接菌、水中接菌,研究木霉菌对瓜类作物生长性状的影响,在水中的存活及对根际土壤微生物的影响,对大白鼠、大白兔的毒性。结果大多数木霉菌对甜瓜种子安全,并且能够显著提高种子的出苗率、增加须根数和促进瓜苗生长;绿色木霉菌T23菌株对甜瓜及西瓜根际土壤真菌、细菌和放线菌群体数量无显著影响;木霉菌孢子在河水、井水、雨水及自来水中均不能萌发,分生孢子在水中存活约12～20d,厚垣孢子约20～30d,菌体自行消解;对鱼苗生长没有不良影响;对大鼠的急性经口和经皮毒性均属低毒类,对兔皮肤和兔眼粘膜无刺激性。结论与其它微生物农药一样木霉菌无毒、无污染,用于作物土传病害的生物防治无明显性风险。

[Objective] To detect bio-safety of Trichoderma, to evaluate the impact on partial ecological factor after the application of Trichoderma. [Method] Inoculate spores of Trichoderma into seeds, soil and water by means of conventional test methods, to detect its survival in water and its effects on rhizosphere microorganisms and growth of melon, as well as toxicity on mice and white rabbits. [Result] The majority of Trichoderma were safe to sweet-melon seeds and could increase significantly germination ratio, the number of fibrous roots and improve the growth of melon seedling. Trichoderma viride T23 did not show significant effects on the number of fungi, bacteria and actinomyces in rhizosphere soil of sweet-melon and water-melon. Spores of Trichoderma could not germinate in fiver, well water, rainwater and tap water. Conidiaspores and chlamydospores could survive in water for 12-20 days and 20-30 days, respectively. Trichoderma had no harm on the growth of fish. Meanwhile, it had low toxicity on rats in both stomach and skin toxicity experiments, and no allergic reaction to rabbit skin and mucous membrane of eyes. [Conclusion] Trichoderma is in-noxious and has no pollution, as same as other microbial pesticide. It is no risk using Trichoderma to control soil-spreading diseases.