试论苏格拉底政治思想中的极权倾向

Analysis of the Tendency of Totalitarian Authority in Socrates Political Thought

苏格拉底看到了当时雅典民主政制与它具体表现形式间存在的矛盾和冲突,雅典公民的政治与法律素养难以保障真正民意的产生,要确保雅典政制的顺利运行,需要把政治决策权集中在极少数有专业治国知识并通晓统治之道的人手中,因此苏格拉底主张建立一种“精英治国”或“专家治国”模式。如果把他的政治思想落实到政治实践中来,可以看出他政治思想中的极权倾向,他理想中的统治者可以说就是一个极权的君主。

Socrates found the contradiction which existed between the Athens democratic political system and its specific form of expression. The Athens citizen＇ s polities and legal qualification safeguards the production of the true public opinion with difficultly, If we wanted to be sure that Athens political system moves smoothly, we needed to concentrate the political decision power in the man＇ s who had the specialty knowledge of ruling a nation and thoroughly understands the ruler.. So, Socrates maintained a kind of model, i.e. ＂Elites Ruling One Nation＂ or ＂Experts Ruling One Nation＂. If we put Socrates＇ political thought into political practice, we could conclude there existed a tendency of totalitarian authority. And we might see that his ideal ruler is a monarch who had totalitarian authority.