地区间生产效率与全要素生产率增长率分解(1978—2003)

China's Regional Differences in Technical Efficiency and the Decomposition of Total Factor Productivity Growth(1978—2003)

本文选取超越对数生产函数的随机前沿模型,对改革开放以来中国地区间生产效率演进进行了研究。通过对1978—2003年分省数据的实证检验发现:(1)东部地区的生产效率最高,其次是中部和西部。(2)各地区生产效率具有一定的波动性,但地区间差异基本保持不变。(3)国有化程度和财政支出占GDP的比重对生产效率有负面影响。出口占GDP的比重、初始人力资本对生产效率有正面影响。(4)国有企业比重、财政支出比重和出口比重越高,生产的不确定性越高。初始人力资本存量越高,生产的不确定性越低。相对中部地区,东部地区的生产不确定性较高,西部较低。(5)全要素生产率增长率主要由技术进步率决定,而且从1990年代中期以后有所下降。对生产效率的重视程度有待提高。

Empirical study is conducted to test China's provincial datasets (1978—2003), using a translog production function in a general stochastic frontier specification. The findings of this study show that the eastern region is the most efficient while the western region is the least efficient, and the difference between them is significant and almost constant during the recent years. Stronger market forces and human capital are important factors for efficiency improvement and may decrease production uncertainty, while a higher government spending ratio is harmful to efficiency and increases production uncertainty. Finally, the study finds that TFP (Total Factor Productivity) has been decreasing since 1995, but the reasons behind this call for further research. Technological progress is the main driving force for TFP, and more efforts should be made to improve technical efficiency in the future.