自然权利与社会规则——诺齐克的自然状态理论研究

The Natural Rights and the Social Rules——A Study on The Theory of Nozick's Natural State

“自然状态”理论是诺齐克政治哲学的基础:个人在自然状态中所拥有的权利,即“以人为目的,而不仅仅以人为工具”,这是人的基本要求,以此形成市场原则和确立政府才会具有合法性。诺齐克禀持康德的道德直觉,但他将康德的“人(Humanity)”改写为“个人(Individual)”,使“消极自由主义”的个人至上原则(Libertarianism)走向极端。诺齐克的“自然状态”是意志自由的直觉假定、是人的自然权利、是一切社会规则的前提。

The State of Nature theory is the foundation of Nozick＇s political philosophy： Individuals have rights in the state of nature that they are the basic needs of individuals to himself, and while; they are also the basic demands on individuals of the others. The rights are of the underlying Kantian principle that individuals are ends and not merely means. Only basing on the Kantian principle, the market principles and the Minimal - State are legitimacy. The State of Nature to Nozick that it is the presupposition of nous intuition, the individual＇s natural rights, the premises of all society principles.