昙花一现的联邦制理想——解读沈钧儒的《联省民治谈》和《楼居七日记》

An Transient Idea of Federalizm——The study on SHEN Jun-ru's Dicussion of Province-united Civil Administration and The Diary of Sectnclays when in the Home

清末新政开始的地方自治,在辛亥革命后反对北洋军阀的斗争中,民主派的联邦制共和国理想与地方实力派的封建割据私心互相交织在一起,兴起为联省自治运动。风行一时的联省自治运动是如何消解的?该文通过剖析褚辅成、沈钧儒于1927年4月在国民党蒋介石“清党”中遭囚禁的前因后果,揭示了当时的联省自治运动与蒋介石要建立一党专制独裁体制之间的冲突。褚辅成、沈钧儒追求宪政民主的政治理念使他们从这时就与蒋介石的军事独裁分道扬镳,并开始与中共合作,以此为线索,揭示了人民政协制度形成的历史基础。

The local autonomy started from the New Policies of late Qing Dynasty. After 1911 Rovolution, the combination of democratic federal republic ideal and the idea of federal separatist regions by local powers brough about province-united autonomy movement. How did the once popular movement disappear？ The paper analyzes the collision between province-united automy movement and the autocracy by Kuomingtang Chiangkai-shek by studying the casses and effect of CHU Fu-cheng and SHENG Jun-ru＇ s imprisonment during kuomingtang＇ s purification of party. The political ideal of d~ pursued by CHU Fu-cheng and SHEN Jun-ru made them take different routes from GHIANG Kai-shek＇ s military autocracy, and cooperate with communist part. Based on this, the paper shows the foundation of people＇s Crtical Consultative System.