旱地玉米秋施肥增产机制和施用技术研究

A Study on the Yield-increasing Mechanism and the Techniques of Applying Fertilizer in Autumn on Dryland Corn

１９９１年秋至１９９４年秋，在山西寿阳县对旱地玉米秋施肥的增产机制和施用技术进行了研究。结果表明，肥料在秋季施用能增加玉米产量，提高水肥利用效率。秋施肥较传统施肥亩增产玉米子粒２８．８～６６．ｇｋｇ，亩增纯收入２３．２４～６２．３５元；春播时耕层土壤含水量提高０．２３％～３．１６％，水分利用效率提高０．０８４～０．２０３ｋｇ／ｍｍ；玉米植株氮素和磷素的积累量分别增加了０．３８～０．９３ｋｇ／亩和０．０４～０．１５ｋｇ／亩。秋施肥后，玉米苗全苗壮，亩穗数、穗粒数和百粒重增加。秋施肥技术的关键是于１０月下旬采用条施或全层施的方式，将有机无机合理配方肥料深施到１０～２０ｃｍ的土层。

During 3 years experiment, the effect of fertilizer application in autumn on dryland corn was studied in Shouyang county, Shanxi province. The results showed that applying fertilizer in autumn could not only raise corn yield, but also improve water and fertilizer use efficiency.Compared with conventional practice, it could increase yield by 28. 8-66. gkg/mu and net income by 23. 24-65. 35 yuan/mu. When sowing in spring, soil moisture at 0-20cm deep was 0. 23-3. 16% higher and water use efficiency was 0. 084-0. 203kg/mm more than control. N and P2O5 level in plants increased by 0. 38-0. 93 and 0. 04-0. 15kg respectively. Application of fertilizer in autumn made plants grow well and resulted in higher ear number per mu, seed number per ear and 100-seed weight. For applying fertilizer in autumn, the critical technique was suitble application depth (10-20cm) and reasonable combination of orgonic and chemical fertilizers. According to the experiment, the optional application time was from October 21 to 31, and stripe or over-all application was used.