贵州虾类资源调查与研究

INVESTIGATION AND RESEARCH ON SHRIMP RESOURCES IN GUIZHOU

为开发利用增殖虾类资源，对贵州省各专州的虾类进行了标本采集和生态环境调查和研究。其结果为：贵州淡水虾类有２６种，隶属３科６属，其中支氏原螫虾（Ｐ．ｃｌａｒｋｉｉ）、广西沼虾（Ｍ．ｇｕａｎｇｘｉｅｎｓｅ）、中华小长臂虾（Ｐ．ｓｉｕｅｎｓｉｓ）、细足米虾（Ｃ．ｇｒａｃｉｌｉｐｅｓ）为贵州新纪录；虾类分布广泛，海拔１３７～２７００ｍ的溪流中均有分布；锯齿新米虾、日本沼虾为优势种，属经济虾类；食性为杂食性，以日本沼虾为例，每年以１０月前生长快，１０月后生长减缓，当年年底平均体长可达６３ｍｍ。贵州虾类资源丰富，但面临种群退化及水体污染，须加强开发和保护。

In order to exploit and utilize shrimp resources and raising its reproduction,the samples were collected,and its ecological environment was investigated in Guizhou,26 species of fresh water shrimps belong to 3 fam-ilies and 6 genera, in which P. clarkii,M. guangxiense,P. siuensis and C.gracilips were first found inGuizhou. The shrimps were distributed in the stream at an elevation of 137～2700m. N. dentioulata andM.nipponense are superior species and can be used as economic type.Their food habit waspolyphagous. Taking M. nipponense as an example,it grew faster before October,and slower after October,and its body length would reach to 63 mm by year end.Guizhou shrimp resources are abundant,but faced theprobtems that the species are degenerating and the water suffer pollution. So, the exploitation and protection must be strengthened logether.