《元典章》的被字句

On the Passive Voice in The Collection of Laws of the Yuan Dynasty

《元典章》的被字句出现了结构复杂化和功能多样化的倾向。结构的复杂化不仅表现在宾语和关系语的复杂化以及动词前后成分状语和补语的复杂化上,而且出现了由多个动词充当的复杂谓语句。功能的多样化主要表现在出现了两类特殊功用的被字句:“遭遇”类被字句,表原因的被字句。从《元典章》中被字句的使用情况可以看出,“被”字在《元典章》中具有不同的语法化层次。

The passive voice used in The Collection of Laws of the Yuan Dynasty shows a tendency of its structure becoming complicated and its function becoming diversified. Its complicated structure is shown not only on the complex relations between the objects and the relevant components and between the adverbials before/after the verbs and the complements, but also on the appearance of the complex predicate sentences with several verbs serving as the predicates; its diversified function is mainly shown on the appearance of two special types of passive voice： the passive voice with ＂encounter＂ and the passive voice of reason. From The Collection of Laws of the Yuan Dynasty, we can see that the passive voice is used at different grammatical levels in it.