1985-2000年山东省儿童少年体质特征及变化趋势研究

Physical Characteristics and Change Trend of Children and Adolescents in Shandong Province from 1985 to 2000

目的分析1985—2000年山东省儿童少年体格发育增长的情况，为制定促进青少年健康成长规划提供依据。方法将1985、1995和2000年山东省城乡7～18岁儿童少年身高、体重、胸围、肺活量、50m跑、立定跳远、斜身引体/引体向上（男）、1min仰卧起坐（女）、耐力跑、立位体前屈与全国同期的均值比较，计算增减量。结果形态指标明显增长，城市男生、城市女生、乡村男生、乡村女生身高平均增长4．70cm、3．29cm、5．48cm和4．48cm，体重分别平均增长8．66kg、5．32kg、5．55kg和3．22kg，但运动素质明显下降，形态和素质发育出现背离现象。结论儿童少年体质下降应引起有关部门的高度重视，采取有效的干预措施，增强体育锻炼，减轻学生的学习负担。

Objective To analyze the physical growth and development trend for children and adolescents in Shandong province during the year of 1985 - 2000 and to lay a scientific basis for promoting their health. Methods A comparative study was made on height, body weight, chest circumference, vital capacity, 50 m nmning, standing long jump, slanting pull - up/pull - up （male）, sit-ups （female）, endurance running, body bending of children and adolescents aged 7 - 18 in 1985, 1995 and 2000 in Shandong province with the average value of Chinese children, and increments during 1985 - 2000 were measured. Results Significant increments of physical growth and development were found in children and adolescents during 1985 - 2000, the average increments were 4.70 cm, 3.29 em, 5.48 cm and 4.48 cm for height, and 8.66 kg, 5.32 kg, 5.55 kg and 3.22 kg for body weight,while, athletic ability of children and adolescents were decreased by degrees. Conclusion It is suggested the department concerned nust attache great importance to the physical growth and development of students. Prevention and intervention measures should be taken accordingly,strengthening physical exercises, and reducing study burden.