藏族先民的原始信仰——略谈藏族苯教文化的形成及发展

Ancient Tibetan People's Primitive Belief Outline the Formation and Development of Tibetan Bon Religion's Culture

苯教是藏族本土宗教,有几千年的悠久历史。尽管佛教在青藏高原的传入给苯教带来了极大的冲击,它还是凭借极强的生命力一直延续至今。研究苯教文化对藏族古代政治、经济、社会以及民风民俗的研究有极高的参考价值。文章对藏族先民的原始信仰及特征、拥仲苯教的形成及教义等方面进行了探讨。认为,藏族原始苯教属自然宗教类“,万物有灵”及“以人为中心”思想是原始苯教的两大特点;拥仲苯教是由顿巴辛绕在藏族原始苯教的思想基础上,对其祭祀内容、祭祀方式、祭品等方面进行重大改革,并加以理论化的产物。

Bon Religion is the Tibetan primitive belief with several millenniums of history. Although the spreading of Buddhism in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau brought an enormous impact upon Bon Religion, now it still survives by relying on its greatly strengthened vitality. This research of Bon Religion＇ culture has an extremely high referential value to study Tibetan ancient politics, economy, society as well as folk habits and customs. This article outlines the characteristics of the ancient Tibetan people＇s primitive belief. Some aspects of Yontzong Bon Religion, such as the formation and religious doctrines and so on have also been carried out in the discussion. It is believed that the Tibetan primitive Bon Religion is a nature religion, as the idea of ＂animistic＂ and ＂people foremost＂ are the two major characteristics of the primitive Bon Religion. Yontzong Bon Religion was founded by Tunba Shinrap based on the fundamental thoughts of Tibetan primitive Bon Religion. He carried on a significant reform of its content, the forms of sacrificial offerings as well as sacrifices itself. Additionally he theorized them.