企业技术进步的体制障碍及对策研究

The systematical obstacles to firms'technological progress and their countermeasures

作者认为，我国企业的技术进步十分缓慢。其原因主要是企业的技术进步存在着以下体制性障碍：主体性障碍、利益分配性障碍、科技成果转化的体制障碍以及由技术引进到技术创新的体制障碍。为此，作者提出了以下对策：第一，消除主体性障碍，建立现代企业制度，确立企业在技术进步中的主体地位。第二，消除利益分配性障碍，大大提高企业研究开发费占产品销售收入的比重，建立新产品的开发基金，保证企业技术进步的资金投入。第三，消除科技成果转化的体制障碍，明确转化的责任主体，并建立企业技术中心和中试线，使之成为企业技术进步的神经中枢。第四，消除技术引进到技术创新的体制障碍，合理安排“引进”→“消化吸收”→“创新”各环节的资金，彻底解决“引进”多而“创新”少的问题。

Abstract The enterprises' technology inches on in our country ,says the author.Its main causes are :there exist systematical obstacles to firms' technological progress ,such as the mainbody's obstacle ,distributional obstacel,the obstacle to transferring scientific research achievements in- to production,and the obstacle to reqalizing technological creating from technological and equip-ment import,etc. Therefore the author puts forward the following countermeasures.First,es-tablish a modern enterprise system to eliminate the mainbody's obstacle ,and make enterpises as the mainbody of technological upgrading .Second ,remove the proportion of th funds for developing techmology in sales income to set up the development foundation of new products,and guarantee the fund input for technological progree.Third ,disped the obstacle to transfer-ring scientific results into production ,make sure the responsibility mainbody of expanding the scientific research achievements to production ,and set up firms' technlogical centre and the medium experimental production line.Finalyy ,eliminate the obstacle to bringing forth techno-olgical new ideas from inporting technology and equipment,ratiomally arrange the fund pro-portion of importing ,obsorbing ,and creating technology ,and thoroughly solve the problem of more importing but less creating technology.