美国反垄断法三倍损害赔偿制度研究

美国反垄断法三倍损害赔偿制度的基本目标是激励受害者、威慑违法者。由于反垄断法违法行为在性质上具有“涟漪效应”,所以,美国法院建构了一些限制反垄断诉讼原告资格的原则或规则,包括诉因要求、反垄断损害要求、非直接购买者规则。美国法院计算反垄断损害的方法有“前后方法”、“标杆方法”、“市场份额法”等。自里根政府时期起,美国学者就三倍损害赔偿制度之存废展开了争论,这场争论仍在继续。我国应当借鉴美国的经验,在反垄断法中建立三倍损害赔偿制度。

The objective of treble damages in US antitrust law is to provide an incentive for victims and deter antitrust violation. As antitrust violations have in nature ＂ripple effect＂, courts have developed specialized standing rules to limit prudently the plaintiffs under section 4 of the Clayton Act. The calculation of treble damages is extremely complex. Recoverable antitrust damages are divided by courts into three categories： overcharges and enhanced priced damages, lost profit and diminished revenue damages and the terminated business damages, each of which is applied to different methods of calculation. Debates on whether mandatory treble damages should be removed have lasted for more than half a century, but Congress does not intend to modify or abolish section 4 of the Clayton Act. China should prudently establish an enforcement mechanism giving private parties an incentive to bring suit against antitrust violators.