美国法上的允诺禁反悔制度研究

根据《合同法重述》第90条的规定,被引诱的合理信赖可以作为强制执行允诺的基础。《合同法重述》的正式评论将该规定称为“允诺禁反悔”,这种允诺禁反悔在规则起源上看似受到霍姆斯交易性对价理论的根本影响,实质上是交易性对价理论和美国判例法传统相冲突的结果。与属于同一法系的英国和澳大利亚合同法上的允诺禁反悔相比,美国法上的允诺禁反悔在制度构成、法律效果以及适用范围上都具有独特之处。

The reasonably induced reliance may be used as the basis of enforcement of promise, according to the section 90 of Restatement（second） of Contracts of America. The Comments of Restatement suggest that this section is often referred to in terms of ＂promissory estoppel＂. It appears that the reason why the section is stipulated is fundamentally affected by the bargain theory of consideration of Holmes, and in substance, its formulation is decided by the confusion between consideration theory and the traditions of case law.Concerning the constructive requirements, legal effects and scope of application, promissory estoppel is unique, compared with the same term used in England and Australia.