法律、理性与人类正义——朱利叶斯·斯通的实用主义正义观

朱利叶斯·斯通是当代世界著名法学家,他主张建立一种综合法理学,认为法理学应包括逻辑、正义与社会事实。在这三个问题中,斯通对正义问题最为关注。在正义问题上,斯通否定存在绝对的正义标准,认为应超越绝对与相对之争,而从何种正义能阻止人类社会倒退的比较功效上对各种正义理论进行判断。人类实现正义的过程就是从不正义到逐渐获得正义的过程。他为现代工业化的西方社会提出了九种正义的“准绝对”标准。斯通的正义理论发前人所未发,对我们今天思考正义问题具有较高的理论与实际意义。

Julius Stone, a well - known contemporary jurist, advocated for an integrative jurisprudence, covering logic, justice and social facts. Among these three areas, Stone paid the greatest attention to the justice. In this area, he negated the existence of any absolute standard of justice, and held that scholars should transcend the debates over the absolute and relative justice. What Stone proposed is to judge various theories of justice on the basis of whether a certain kind of justice, functionally in a comparative way, can prevent human society from retrogression. The process of realizing justice is the process of obtaining justice gradually from the injustice areas. Stone set forth nine ＂semi - absolute standards＂ of justice for the modern and industrialized western society. The justice theory raised by Stone is creative and new, which has both theoretical and practical significance for us to articulate on the issue of justice.