甘肃草原火灾实时监测与控制技术

Monitor and control techniques of grassland fire

运用遥感技术和“3S”手段,判识和分析草原火灾发生与火灾蔓延的变化规律,针对性地提出草原火灾扑救与控制措施、途径和方法,认为遥感技术是草原火灾控制与实时监测的主要方法。大量的“天地”资料对比研究表明,草原火灾是破坏草地生态平衡、危害草原人民生命财产安全的重要灾害之一。甘肃草原火灾发生与气候、植物群落的盖度和地上可燃物量关系密切,火源以自燃和人为为主。通过对甘肃草原火灾遥感监测和火灾蔓延规律探析,实现了利用“3S”技术准确探测火灾热点的变化规律,对火灾等级估计精度超过了86%,与先进的通讯技术相结合的遥感监测准确率高于其他任何方式,传递信息的准确性高、速度最快,为决策部门及生产部门适时指导和控制草原火灾提供科学的决策数据与指挥依据。

Means of remote sensing technology and ＂3S＂ were used to assess the occurrence and spread of grassland fire, put foreward its remedy/control measures, approaches and methods; it was considered that remote sensing be the main method to control and on time monitor grassland fire. Comparative study of large ＂space/ground＂ data indicated that, grassland fire was one of the major disasters endangering grassland ecological balance and the safety of pastoral life and property. The occurrence of grassland fire in Gansu closely related to climate, coverage of plant community and aboveground combustible materials, and the fire source was mainly ignition and artificial. Through monitoring the grassland fire in Gansu with remote sensing and studing the regularity of fire spreading, realized using ＂3S＂ technology to accurately survey the dynamic pattern of the hot spot of the fire. The estimate precision to fire disaster was over 86%. The remote sensing monitor which was combined with advanced communication technology had accuracy higher than any other method, high accuracy of transferring information and high speed; providing scientific decision making data and command support for the productive sector to properly direct and control grassland fire.